E X P O S U R E Exposure is the amount of light collected by the sensor in our camera during a single picture. If the shot is exposed too long the photograph will be washed out. If the shot is exposed too short the photograph will appear too dark. Almost all cameras today have light meters which measure the light in the given shot and set an ideal exposure automatically.
A P E R T U R E An aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical sytem determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. The aperture determines how collimated the admitted rays are, which is of great importance for the appearance at the image plane.If an aperture is narrow, then highly collimated rays are admitted, resulting in a sharp focus at the image plane.
SHUTTER S P E E D A camera's shutter determines when the camera sensor will be open or closed to incoming light from the camera lens. The shutter speed specifically refers to how long this light is permitted to enter the camera. "Shutter speed" and "exposure time" refer to the same concept, where a faster shutter speed means a shorter exposure time.
C O M P O S I T I O N Composition is a way of guiding the viewer’s eye towards the most important elements of our works, sometimes – in a very specific order. A good composition can help make a masterpiece even out of the dullest objects and subjects in the plainest of environments. On the other hand, a bad composition can ruin a photograph completely, despite how interesting the subject may be. Composition consists of five items : Pattern, Symmetry, Texture, Depth of Field and Lines.
RULE OF THIRDS The Rule of Thirds is the most well known principle of photographic composition. In the rule of thirds, photos are divided into thirds with two imaginary lines vertically and two lines horizontally making three columns, three rows, and nine sections in the images. Important compositional elements and leading lines are placed on or near the imaginary lines and where the lines intersect.
DEPTH OF FIELD In optics, particularly as it relates to film andphotography, depth of field (DOF), also called focus range or effective focus range, is the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image.
B A L A N C E
Balance in photography is observed when an image has subject areas that look balanced throughout the composition. It is achieved by shifting the frame and juxtaposing subjects within it so objects, tones, and colors are of equal visual weight. An image is balanced when subject areas command a viewer’s attention equally.